CONSTANCE of Antioch, daughter of BOHEMOND II Prince of Antioch & his wife Alix of Jerusalem ([1127]-[1163/67], bur St Mary, Josaphat). Her name and parentage are recorded by William of Tyre[124]. The Lignages d'Outremer name "Costance" as daughter of "Beymont…prince" and his wife, recording her marriage to "Reimont le fill au comte de Poitiers"[125]. She succeeded her father in 1130 as CONSTANCE Pss of Antioch, under the regency successively of her mother, her maternal grandfather and her mother´s brother-in-law Foulques d'Anjou King of Jerusalem. Her succession was challenged by Roger II King of Sicily, as nearest male heir, but he was unable to press his claim due to more urgent business in southern Italy. "Fulco rex Hierosolymitanus rector ac bajulus principatus Antiocheni filiæque Boamundi II iunioris" confirmed a donation to the church of the Holy Sepulchre by charter dated Sep 1134[126]. Her first marriage was arranged by Foulques d'Anjou King of Jerusalem, in secret from her mother who had offered her hand to Manuel Komnenos, son of Emperor Ioannes II[127]. She succeeded her mother [after 1136] as Lady of Latakieh and Jabala. She rejected three potential candidates as her second husband proposed by Baudouin III King of Jerusalem: Yves de Nesle Comte de Soissons, Gauthier de Fauquemberghes Châtelain de Saint-Omer, and Raoul de Merle[128]. She also rejected Ioannes Dalassenos Rogerios [Jean Roger the Norman] who had been proposed by Emperor Manuel I[129]. "Raimundus I princeps Antiochenus" donated property to the church of the Holy Sepulchre, with the consent of "uxoris Constantiæ", by charter dated 19 Apr 1140[130]. William of Tyre records her second marriage[131]. The Lignages d'Outremer name "Rinaldo de Castellion" as second husband of "Costanza…la Nova Princessa[132]. When her second husband was taken prisoner in 1160, Constance claimed that power in Antioch had reverted to her. However, Baudouin III King of Jerusalem declared her son Bohémond as the rightful prince under the regency of Patriarch Aimery. Constance appealed to Emperor Manuel I, who sent ambassadors to Antioch to negotiate a marriage between her daughter and the emperor, their presence alone being sufficient to re-establish Constance's rule in Antioch[133]. Following riots in the city, Pss Constance was exiled in 1163 and her son installed in her place[134]. Runciman specifies that Constance appealed to Konstantinos Dukas Kalamános as Governor of Cilicia for help when she was exiled, but this appears incorrect as Kalamános was only appointed Governor in 1167[135]. Her date of death is not known, but in a charter dated 1167, her son called himself "Prince of Antioch, Lord of Latakieh and Jabala"[136] which was his mother's dower, implying that she had died by then. Bohémond III Prince of Antioch confirmed donations to the church of St Mary, Josaphat, confirming that "mater sua Constantia, frater Raynaldus et soror Philippa" were buried there, by charter dated Sep 1181[137].
m firstly ([Apr/May] 1136) RAYMOND de Poitiers, illegitimate son of GUILLAUME IX Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME VII Comte de Poitou] & his mistress Amauberge [Dangerose] --- (-killed in battle near Inab 28 Jun 1149). William of Tyre names "domini Wilelmi Pictaviensium comitis filius" when recording his marriage, specifying that he was then living at the court of Henry I King of England[138]. The primary source which names his mother has not yet been identified. However, he is not named in other sources as a legitimate son of Guillaume IX. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that he was born from the duke's relationship with Amauberge "Dangerose". Raymond arrived in Antioch in Apr 1136. William of Tyre records that his future mother-in-law Alix was led to believe that he had arrived to propose marriage to her, but Constance was kidnapped and married to Raymond by Raoul Patriarch of Antioch[139]. He was immediately installed as RAYMOND Prince of Antioch, by right of his wife[140]. He invaded Armenian territory in 1136 with Baudouin Lord of Marash, but they were driven back by Lewon I Lord of the Mountains [Armenia-Rupen][141]. Emperor Ioannes II besieged Antioch in Aug 1137 and obliged Raymond to swear allegiance to him[142]. "Raimundus…princeps Antiochenus et domina Constantia mea uxor" donated property to the church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem by charter dated Apr 1140[143]. The emperor launched a new expedition destined for Antioch in 1142, but died en route in Cilicia[144]. After the new Emperor Manuel I refused Prince Raymond's demand for the return of Cilicia to Antioch, Raymond invaded the province[145]. After the arrival in Antioch in Mar 1148 of Louis VII King of France at the head of the French army of the Second Crusade, Prince Raymond was unable to persuade the king to attack the city of Aleppo which was the centre of Muslim power in the region[146]. The Annals of Abul-Feda record that "Nour-ed-Din entreprend le siège de Harem" and defeated and killed "le prince d´Antioch"[147]. William of Tyre records that "Noradinus" beseiged and captured "castrum Harenc" and killed "Antiochia…principem", dated to 1149 from the context[148]. His skull was set in a silver case and sent by Nur-ed-Din to the Caliph of Baghdad as a gift[149].
m secondly (before May 1153) as his first wife, RENAUD de Châtillon, son of --- (-beheaded Hattin [Jul/Aug] 1187). The parentage of Renaud is uncertain. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Raynaldus de Castellione super Wainum fluviolum" when recording his arrival at Antioch and marriage to "uxor…relictam principis Raymundi"[150]. William of Tyre names him "Rainaldus de Castellione"[151]. Neither source specifies which Châtillon is referred to. The Chronicle of Ernoul names him "un chevalier, frere au signeur dau Gien sour Loire…Rainaus"[152]. Schlumberger interprets this passage as meaning that Renaud was the brother of Geoffroy de Donzy, whose family is recorded in the mid-12th century as holding the castle of Gien[153]. He identifies "Castellione" as Châtillon-sur-Loing {Loiret}[154]. The Donzy/Gien origin appears unlikely as none of the sources dealing with the Donzy family mention Renaud (see the document BURGUNDY DUCHY NOBILITY). However, as shown in the document CENTRAL FRANCE NOBILITY, "Renaud son of Robert de Châtillon" was recorded in 1086 as nepos of Geoffroy [II] de Donzy. It is therefore likely that Renaud Prince of Antioch was related to this earlier Renaud. Renaud came to Palestine with the army of Louis VII King of France in the Second Crusade, and stayed in Jerusalem in the service of King Baudouin III after the crusaders returned to France in 1149. He accompanied the king to Antioch in 1151[155]. William of Tyre records "Rainaldus de Castellione" among the magnates in Palestine present at the siege of Ascalon in 1153[156]. He was installed as RENAUD Prince of Antioch on his marriage in 1153, by right of his wife. "Rainaldus princeps Antiochenus" confirmed the privileges of the Venetians by charter dated May 1153[157]. He recaptured Alexandretta in 1153 from Thoros II Lord of the Mountains [Armenia-Rupen], after Emperor Manuel promised to finance the operation. The debt was never paid, and Renaud handed the district to the Knights Templars[158]. He made an alliance with Thoros and in 1156 they attacked Cyprus together, captured the island's governor Ioannes Komnenos, and laid waste to the island[159]. He captured Harenc in Feb 1158. Emperor Manuel I invaded Cilicia in 1158, and Prince Renaud submitted to him rather than risk losing a battle. The emperor made his formal entry into Antioch 12 Apr 1159[160]. Prince Renaud was taken prisoner by Majd ed-Din Governor of Aleppo in Nov 1160, and sent to Aleppo where he was kept in prison for 16 years[161]. Bar Hebræus records that "Nour ed-Din" captured "le second prince, mari de la mère de Boémond" in A.H. 544 (1149/50)[162], which misdates his capture. Raymond Count of Tripoli attacked Homs 1 Feb 1175, distracting Saladin from his siege of Aleppo, in return for which the ruler of Aleppo released his remaining Christian prisoners, including Renaud de Châtillon and Joscelin de Court enay[163]. After their release, Renaud and Joscelin became the focus of the more progressive elements in Palestine, centred around recent arrivals and the Knights Templars[164]. He was installed as Lord of Hebron and Montréal: "Rainaldus, quondam Antioochiæ princeps, nunc vero Hebronensis et Montis Regalis dominus" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers, with the consent of "Stephaniæ uxoris eiusque filiorum", by charter dated Nov 1177[165]. A charter dated 1180 records the donation by "Reginaldus quondam princeps Anthiochensis…Montisregalis et Hebron dominus" of property to the abbey of Notre-Dame de Josaphat with the consent of "uxor mea Stephania…et Hanfredi prefate dominie Stephanie filii et uxoris eius Elisabeth filie regis Jerusalem"[166]. He attacked a Muslim caravan making its way from Cairo to Palestine at end 1186, which put an end to the four-year truce signed by Raymond Count of Tripoli the previous year[167]. He was personally beheaded by Saladin after being captured