WELF IV, son of ALBERTO AZZO II Conte di Luni [Este] & his first wife Kunigunde von Altdorf [Welf] ([1030/40]-Paphos Cyprus 9 Nov 1101, bur Weingarten, near Lake Constance). The Annalista Saxo names "Welfum seniorum" son of "Azoni marchioni de Langobardia de castris Calun et Estin" (called "Welphus filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum" in an earlier passage[301]) & his wife "Cunizam"[302]. After the death of his maternal uncle Welf III, he was summoned from Italy by his maternal grandmother to inherit the Welf family properties in Swabia and Bavaria[303]. He was installed in 1070 as WELF I Duke of Bavaria by Heinrich IV King of Germany. Duke Welf supported Rudolf von Rheinfelden, anti-king of Germany, and was deposed as Duke of Bavaria in 1077 by Heinrich IV. "Heinricus…rex" granted property of "Welfo dux dum erat dux…in pago Passir…in comitatu Gerungi et in comitatu Friderici" to the church of Brixen by charter dated 1078[304]. He sought to reassert his position in northern Italy against Emperor Heinrich IV by arranging, through Pope Urban II, the marriage of his son to the powerful landowner Matilda Ctss of Tuscany. In 1095, Welf IV was reconciled with the emperor, who regranted him the dukedom of Bavaria[305]. He undertook an expedition to Italy after the death of his father in 1097 to assert his position in the inheritance over his half-brothers[306]. A contingent led by Welf I left Germany as part of the second wave of the First Crusade in early 1101, joining forces en route with Guillaume IX Duke of Aquitaine[307]. Albert of Aix records that, after their army was dispersed in Asia Minor by the Turks, Duke Welf eventually reached Jerusalem to complete his pilgrimage but died in Cyprus on the return journey[308]. Ekkehard records the death of Welf Duke of Bavaria and his burial in Cyprus[309]. The necrology of Weingarten records the death "V Id Nov" of "Welf dux senior hic sepultus"[310].
[m firstly ---. According to Jordan, the first wife of Duke Welf I was "the descendant of an unknown Italian line" but he cites no primary source in support of the statement[311]. No other reference to this alleged first marriage has been found.]
m [firstly/secondly] (divorced 1070) as her first husband, ETHELINDE von Northeim, daughter of OTTO I Graf von Northeim Duke of Bavaria & his wife Richenza of Swabia [Ezzonen]. The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum Crassum comitem…Sifridum de Boumeneburh et Cononem comitem de Bichlinge et tres filias, ex quibus unam nomine Ethilindam accept Welpho dux Bawarie et postquam eam repudiavit duxit eam Herimannus comes de Calverla" as children of Otto von Northeim & his wife[312]. Her husband repudiated her after the disgrace of her father, whom Heinrich IV King of Germany deprived of the dukedom of Bavaria[313]. She married secondly Hermann Graf von Calvelage. The Annales Stadenses refers to the four daughters of Otto, specifying that "tertia fuit uxor Hermanni de Calvela, que genuit Ottonem et Heinricum comites de Ravenesberch" without naming her[314].
m [secondly/thirdly] ([1071]) as her second husband, JUDITH de Flandre, widow of TOSTIG Godwinson Earl of Northumbria, daughter of BAUDOUIN IV Count of Flanders & his second wife [Eléonore] de Normandie ([1033]-5 Mar 1094, bur St Martin Monastery). The Annalista Saxo names "Iudhita…amita Rodberti comitis de Flandria ex cognatione beati Ethmundi regis" as husband of "Haroldi" (in error for Tostig) but correctly names her second husband "Welphus filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum"[315]. The Genealogia Welforum names "filiam comitis Flandrie, reginam Anglie, Iuditam nomine" as wife of Welf[316]. Florence of Worcester says that Judith was "daughter of Baldwin Count of Flanders" but does not specify which Count Baldwin nor is this clear from the context[317]. According to the Vita Ædwardi Regis, she was the sister of Count Baudouin V[318]. Alberic de Trois Fontaines asserts that Judith was one of the children of Baudouin V Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France[319], but there are other clear errors in his listing of this couple's children so the statement should be viewed with caution. Judith is also listed as the daughter of Count Baudouin V (after Mathilde) in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also shows her first marriage[320]. Judith moved to Denmark after her first husband was killed. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death "1094 IV Non Mar" of "Iuditha uxor ducis Welfonis Baioariæ" and her burial "apud monasterium…Sancti Martini" built by her husband[321]. The necrology of Raitenbuch records the death "III Non Mar" of "Iudinta regina Anglie, filia marchionis de Este uxor Welfonis nostri fundatoris"[322], exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage and confusing her paternity. The necrology of Weingarten records the death "III Non Mar" of "Judita dux regina Anglie"[323], also exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage.
Duke Welf & his [second/third] wife had two children